臺灣行人宣言
在都市規劃與道路設計裡展現人性的光輝
引言:《臺灣行人宣言》由「台灣是個行人地獄 Taiwan is a living hell for pedestrians」與「散步台灣 Walkable Taiwan」於 2023 年共同起草。在同年 820還路於民大遊行由四位總統候選人及時任副總統賴清德共同簽署承諾。遊行後,立法院於同年 12 月 1 日三讀通過《道路交通安全基本法》(交通部),將交通零死亡願景入法,作為中華民國道路交通安全政策綱領;隔年四月,三讀通過《行人交通安全設施條例》(內政部國土署),更進一步確保行人權益。
第一條、交通零死亡願景 Vision Zero
行人之移動安全保障為基本人權。聯合國在 2020 年宣佈「2030 全球道路死傷減半」的目標,歐盟亦將 2050 年訂為交通零死亡目標年。零死亡願景已成為國家及都市重要發展策略。臺灣中央及地方政府有義務以《零死亡願景》之精神與原則,制定國內交通政策,道路優先保護行人,並穩定持續降低道路死傷人數,追求臺灣交通零死亡願景。
第二條、行人通行自由與平權之保障
行人之公共通行權為基本人權。供行人移動之公共空間為都市最重要之公共基礎設施,象徵憲法保障人民的遷徙自由,政府需積極建設並維護人行路網,並立法具體保障行人空間與權益。
第三條、老吾老幼吾幼之都市規劃
公共人行空間為兒少與長者參與社會活動之重要場域。父母需要一個能安心育兒的道路環境、兒童需要能安全在街道玩耍、學生需要能獨自走路上下學、年長需要出門社交活動,臺灣面臨少子化與高齡化衝擊,政府應致力打造宜居兒童、友善長者之城市與社區,使其能積極且獨立參與社會,透過公共空間的社會互動培養健全人格與公民意識。
第四條、融入無障礙設計打造共融社會
臺灣於 2014 年通過《聯合國身心障礙者權利公約施行法》,國家有義務協助障礙者生活,在道路設計上具體減少歧視,創造無障礙公共空間,保障障礙者平等參與社會之權利。障礙者是一個狀態,每個人在任何時候,都可能因為暫時性和隱性需求,成為障礙者。政府需將《身心障礙者權利公約》精神納入《交通安全基本法》與並將通用設計原則具體寫入《道路設計規範》中,打造無障礙及通用道路環境。並在交通相關修法、施行、驗收過程,主動邀請障礙者團體參與討論。
第五條、普及公共運輸
各縣市需積極完善公共運輸系統,致力協助民衆擺脫對私家車之長期依賴,以「公共運輸導向」發展都市及鄉鎮,弭平現代城市發展之城鄉差距與公共資源分配不平等,打造永續與宜居之人本社會。
第六條、行人與自行車成為城市主體
步行與騎乘自行車,已在當代都市永續運輸領域扮演重要角色,不僅對人類健康也對環境友善,政府應致力發展人力移動之主動運輸模式,減少短途旅次之機動車輛依賴習慣,創造步行及騎乘單車誘因,打造完整行人路網與自行車路網,建立全民參與之永續人本都市。
Taiwan Pedestrian Manifesto
Let our road design and urban planning reflect our collective humanity
Introduction: The Taiwan Pedestrian Manifesto was jointly drafted in 2023 by ”Taiwan is a Living Hell for Pedestrians” and “Walkable Taiwan”. It was signed as a pledge by four presidential candidates and then-Vice President Lai Ching-te during the August 20th "Stop Killing Pedestrians" March. Following the march, on December 1, the Legislative Yuan passed the Road Traffic Safety Basic Act, officially enshrining the Vision Zero policy into law as the cornerstone of Taiwan's road traffic safety strategy. Subsequently, in April of the following year, the Pedestrian Traffic Safety Facilities Act was also passed, further safeguarding pedestrian rights.
Article 1. Vision Zero - Zero Traffic Deaths
The right to walk safely is a basic human right, but in Taiwan crossing the street can be a death sentence. In 2020 the United Nations named 2021–2030 as the Second Decade of Action for Road Safety, with a goal of "reducing road traffic deaths and injuries by at least 50 per cent from 2021 to 2030".The European Union has also set a target for zero traffic deaths by 2050. Vision Zero is becoming a policy priority for countries around the world. The central and local governments of Taiwan are morally obligated to join the international community and adopt Vision Zero traffic policies that prioritize pedestrian safety on roads. Taiwan must begin moving toward zero traffic deaths now.
Article 2. Freedom of movement and equal rights
The right to walk freely is a basic human right. Public area for pedestrians is the most important infrastructure in the city, symbolizing the constitutional guarantee of people's freedom of movement. Every part of the city must be accessible by foot. The government needs to actively build and maintain sidewalks and other pedestrian infrastructure, as well as pass legislation protecting pedestrians' right to urban walking areas.
Article 3. Urban Planning for old and young
Car-free areas are especially important places for children and the elderly to participate in social activities. Parents should not have to worry if their children are safe walking in their neighborhood, and children should be able to play safely on sidewalks or in playgrounds in their neighborhood and go to and from school on their own. Taiwan's population is also getting older, and so the needs of elderly people are becoming more important as well. This means creating more pedestrian areas where elderly people can walk and socialize safely. It also means creating "Traffic Calming Zones" that use road design to naturally slow traffic to safe speeds in school districts, residential areas, and elderly communities.
Article 4. Break down barriers faced by people with disabilities
In 2014 Taiwan passed the "Act to Implement the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities", which requires authorities at all levels of government to protect the rights of people with disabilities. This means that Taiwan must make its roads and pedestrian spaces safe, accessible, and barrier-free. Accessibility affects everyone, because any one of us or someone we care about could become disabled at any moment due to accident or illness. The Legislative Yuan must make the "Basic Traffic Safety Law" compliant with the UN convention, and people with disabilities must be included in future urban planning, as is currently required by law. (Article 6)
Article 5. Expand public transportation
Local governments should expand public transportation systems and embrace "transit-oriented development" to maximize the amount of city area within a short walking distance of public transit. The government should strive to minimize the need to rely on private vehicles and bridge the gap in public transit between urban and rural areas.
Article 6. Bikes, not cars
Walking and bike riding are better for human health, better for the environment, and take less space. Cities where walking and biking are the main modes of transportation require less space for roads, which can instead be used for parks or other usable public spaces, and have less noise from traffic. Taiwan should incentivize walking and biking over driving by creating a network of shade-covered sidewalks and bike paths in every city.
(首圖攝影:張耀文)